Different sects of jainism holy books

The digambara sect believes that there were 26 agam. We have certain scriptures which are considered as very sacred. The upanishads are also called as vedantas or the end of the vedas. Welcome back to the history of reality 101, we are in day 3 now. Jain literature comprises jain agamas and subsequent commentaries on them by various jain. The epic of gilgamesh from sumer, although only considered by some scholars as a religious text, has origins as early as 2150 bce, and stands as one of the earliest literary works that. Both sects agree, however, that the purvas were lost in the famineafter the famine monks and nuns of the svetambara sect held conferences to see what they should do to keep. It has also explained the process of becoming a jina. Just as other religions have different groups within them, so jainism has several sects or traditions, which were born as the religion developed. For example, all three traditions share a notion of karma as the actions of individuals that determine their future births, yet each has attached unique connotations to the. Sruti literally means that what is revealed and smriti means that what is remembered. The good religion is divided into the following schools. Mar 17, 2015 buddhist sects and schools there are many subdivisions within buddhism, but most can be classified into three major branches. Lord mahavirs preaching was methodically compiled by his followers into many texts.

Throughout its extensive history, there have been many key figures teaching different philosophies and writing innumerable holy books. The puranas are holy books of hinduism that date back to gupta empire in ancient india. The texts containing the teachings of mahavira are called the agamas, and are the canonical literature the scriptures of. World religions, their holy books and symbols world religions, their holy books and symbols we have only one sky, one earth, one water, one fire and one air.

In order to spread the sects of jainism, mahavira organized an order of his followers which admitted both men and women. The 8th to the 12th century is considered as the golden period in the history of jainism. Buddhism is centered upon the life and teachings of gautama buddha, whereas jainism is centered on the life and teachings of mahavira. Originally, lord mahaviras teachings were passed down only through oral memorization. Jainism is also a polytheistic religion and its goals are based on nonviolence and liberation the soul. Its philosophy and practice relies mainly on selfeffort in progressing the soul on the spiritual ladder to divine. Jainism is an eastern religion with origins in the indus river valley dating back to 3000 b. The devotional sects do not generally regard other sects as rivals, and each sect freely borrows beliefs and practices from others.

Mahaviras disciples memorised his words and their followers had to commit to memory what they were told and so on. List of world religions and founders, religious books. Both sects agree that a group of texts called the purvas were lost in the famine. The teachings of the jinas were originally passed on through the spoken word. Christianity vs judaism difference and comparison diffen. Jainism religion bhagwan mahavir jain symbol belief. Samayasara, ratnakaranda sravakacara, and niyamasara. In jainism, meditation is concerned more with stopping karmic attachments and activity, not as a means to transformational insights or selfrealization in other indian religions. Two sects, the nirankaris and the namdharis, or kuka sikhs, emerged in northwestern punjab during the latter part of ranjit singhs reign. In addition to the four theistic sects, there are six schools of vedantic philosophy within hinduism. At the beginning of the common era, the followers of the jinas separated into two groups, focusing on practices and beliefs surrounding mendicants. Digambars are sky clad means without clothes while swetambars are white clothed always. Both these religions emphasize nonviolence, but nonviolence is the main core in jainism. The different jain sects accept different numbers of angbahya texts.

One god monotheism, often called hashemhebrew for the name, or adonai the lord. This is one of the most important differences between the two groups in jainism, and it means that jain texts have very different roles for the two groups of jains. Jainism pronounced, also called jain dharma is an ancient dharmic religion from india that prescribes a path of nonviolence for all forms of living beings in this world. Jains see these texts, which are the transcriptions of lord mahavirs sermons, as sacred documents. They do not believe that anyone can convert to zoroastrianism. List of world religions and founders, religious books, place.

Jains are strict vegetarians and live in a way that minimises their use of worlds resources. Vaishnavism, shaivism and shaktism are the most prevalent hindu sects. Ultimate goal of life is eternal release from karma. Theory of karman in indian thought pdf ebook on karma. Just as other religions have different groups within them, so jainism has several sects, which disagree on certain aspects of doctrine or practice. Jain monks and nuns were not allowed to possess religious books as part. Seven different sects of sikhism sanskriti hinduism and. Medieval worship practices included making tantric diagrams of the rishimandala including the tirthankaras. Jainism, hinduism, and buddhism share many key concepts derived from the sanskrit language and dialects that have enabled them to hone their religious debates. The digambara sect disputes the authenticity of the entire svetambara canon.

What are the top ten religions and what is the holy book for. There are several sub sects within saivism such as adisaiva, pasupatha, kashmiri, vira and gorakanatha sub sects. Jainism is an indian religion which is traditionally believed to be propagated by twentyfour spiritual teachers known as tirthankara. Christianity and judaism are two abrahamic religions that have similar origins but have varying beliefs, practices, and teachings. Women must gain karmic merit, to be reborn as man, and only then can they achieve spiritual liberation in jainism, particularly in the digambara sect of jainism. The svetambara sect of jainism believes that most of them survived. Jainism dharmic religions wiki fandom powered by wikia. Jain tradition records seven minor movements nihnava within jainism during its early history, either during or after mahavira, in addition to the major schism that led to the formation of svetambara and digambara sects, the seeds of which were probably sown during mahaviras time.

These are further divided into different sub sects and traditions. As with most religious traditions, jainism has scriptures that contain its fundamental. One of the oldest known religious texts is the kesh temple hymn of ancient sumer, a set of inscribed clay tablets which scholars typically date around 2600 bce. The digambara sect of jainism believes that all the agamas were lost in the famine. Even what the scientists are finding now was written in these books years ago.

Each of the three jain sects may celebrate slightly different festivals so not all jains will celebrate every holiday. The teachings of the twenty four tirthankaras were first composed in fourteen purvas and later in twelve angpravishthaagams by ganadhars themselves. These are further divided into different subsects and traditions. Hinduism bhavad gita the bhagavad gita is one of the holy books of hinduism. The daily prayerbook the parsis use everyday is khordeh avesta the smaller avesta. God has always existed, none existed before him and will exist forever. It is not fate, nor even predestination, but it is the ceaseless effect of recording of the different accounts that we keep with the forces of life. A lot of principles and ideologies are similar between different sects of jainism. Jainism is a minority and hence a lesser known religion. The jain holy books are called jinvani and has everything about jainism in it. Even religious scriptures were considered possessions and therefore knowledge of the. The holy text of the zoroastrians is the avesta, composed in a language belonging to the early iranaian group of languages and resembling the language of the vedas. All sects agree that teaching was first transmitted orally, however, the two main sects of jainism, svetambara and digambara disagree on which scriptures are authoritative, or most important.

Sruti belongs to the vedic period while smriti belongs to postvedic period. Jul 17, 2017 this book, the theory of karman in indian thought, outlines how the different schools have worked with the problem of karma from the upanishads, the tantric sects to the ancient jain scholars. Buddhism is a polytheistic religion and its main goal is to gain enlightenment. Since jainism did not clearly mark itself out from the brahmanical religion it failed to attract the masses. In part 10 we explore religious sects, and thats not when two religions who love each other get together and have a baby religion. Broadly, jainism is divided into two major schools of thought, digambara and svetambara. These two traditions or sects take their names from the appearance of their monks. The jainism era was initiated in 300324 and 324364 b. Jainism the holy book of jains is called the kalpa sutra. The jainas for instance call for the extinction of karma as essential to the attainment of salvation. What is the history of formation and the main differences between the two sects. Buddhist sects and schools there are many subdivisions within buddhism, but most can be classified into three major branches. Religious scriptures of jainism are known as agama. These texts are the holy scriptures of the jain religion.

Theory of karman in indian thought outlines how different schools worked with the problem of karma from the upanishads the tantric sects to jain scholars. The videvat are religious law books laying down codes of conduct and procedures for penance. The hebrew scriptures, referred to by christians as the old testament, are called the tanakh, which is the hebrew acronym for the three different parts. While there are differences in practices, the core philosophy and main principles of. Eventually the teachings were written down but the various jain sects have disputed what makes up the scriptures or even that any have survived for.

Jainism considers meditation dhyana a necessary practice, but its goals are very different from those in buddhism and hinduism. The texts containing the teachings of mahavira are called the agamas, and are the canonical literature the scriptures of svetambara jainism mahaviras disciples compiled his. These texts are glorious tales of the hindu trinity brahma, vishnu and maheshwar shiva. For example, all three traditions share a notion of karma as the actions of individuals that determine their future births, yet each has attached unique connotations to the concept. Digambaras and svetambaras disagree as to which books constitute jain scripture.

The two main sects take their names from the appearance of their mendicants. Jainism dont have any specific holy book like the bhagavad geeta,the quran or the bible. This article provides an overview of the two major jain sects. The torah which is the first five books of the old testament or the pentateuch. Mahavira just like buddha isnt the first prophet of his religion. The most famous of the mantras, broadly accepted in various sects of jainism, is the five homage panca namaskara mantra which is believed to be eternal and existent since the first tirthankaras time.

Other than rejecting or accepting different ancient jain texts, digambaras and svetambara differ in other. Hindu scriptures and holy books are divided mainly into two categories viz sruti and smriti. They all acknowledge siva as the supreme self, but prescribe different beliefs, methods and practices for liberation. In the south, it developed mainly because of support from the rulers prevalent then. However, the puranas are supposed to be complied by muni vyasa. Digambaras and svetambaras disagree as to which books constitute jain. For these reasons hinduism is referred as way of life or a family of religions. Both major sects agree that large elements of the teachings had been. The agam sutras show great reverence for all forms of life and strict codes of vegetarianism, asceticism, nonviolence, and opposition to war. They wear a mark of three horizontal stripes on their foreheads.

Finally, they prefer cremation of the body upon death, believing that the soul will inhabit another body in the next life. There are two sects of jainism digambara and swetambara. Unlike most other religions hinduism has no single founder, no single scripture and no commonly agreed set of teachings. Sects of jainism, jainism in ancient india, ancient india. It has teachings said to be given by lord krishna an incarnation whom many hindus believe to be the god vishnu in human form. The majority of muslims chose abu bakr, one of muhammads companions, to lead them. Angbhyaagams angbhyaagams angbhya accepted available lost. While hinduism has many sacred scriptures, all sects ascribe the highest authority to the vedas and agamas, though their agamas differ somewhat.

Buddhism vs jainism difference and comparison diffen. Oct 21, 2014 world religions, their holy books and symbols world religions, their holy books and symbols we have only one sky, one earth, one water, one fire and one air. Kissing books, particularly when they have fallen, is a nice old jewish custom which reflects very much more than respect for authors and publishers. Hence, sruti is what ancient hindu saints heard during deep meditation. These texts are collectively known as agams, the sacred books of the jain religion.

Jainism is different to buddhism in its ascetic beliefs. Also the religious books and scriptures were considered possessions and attachments. Agams are the jain texts which are based on the discourse. One of the main areas of dispute that was instrumental in the split is that of holy writings. In this book, all the 24 tirthankaras and their lives are written about. Here, now, is a brief comparison of these four denominations. However, a smaller group argued that ali, muhammads soninlaw and cousin, should become the new head. Hence, the jain religion does not have one sacred book like the bible or koran, but it has many books complied by many followers. Indian religions, hinduism, jainism, sikhism, christianity, islam.

This page provides information about important jain texts. The terms sacred text and religious text are not necessarily interchangeable in that some religious texts are believed to be sacred because of the belief in some theistic religions such as the abrahamic religions that the text is divinely or supernaturally revealed or divinely inspired, or in nontheistic religions such as some indian. Theravada way of the elders, mahayana greater vehicle and vajrayana diamond vehicle. Apr 03, 20 the puranas are holy books of hinduism that date back to gupta empire in ancient india. However the digambar sect believes that they were also gradually lost starting about two hundred years after lord mahavirs nirvan. Main teachings ahimsa nonviolence most fundamental aspect of jainism not only to humans but to.

Each of these sects is also divided into subgroups. The svetambaras believe that the collection of 32 or 45, the number is disputed agamas holy scriptures are the first and foremost of all holy texts. Sep 11, 2009 the two sects agree on the basics of jainism, but disagree on. This coherence in philosophical doctrine and consistency across different schools has led scholars like jaini to remark that in the course of history of jainism no heretical movements like mahayana, tantric or bhakti movement developed outside mainstream jainism. Our intention behind our actions of body, mind, and speech bind us with karma. While there are differences in practices, the core philosophy and main principles of each sect is same. The holy book of jainism is a collection of texts known as agam literature or the agam sutras. This disagreement led to a split within islam into the two major sects that remain divided today. Hinduism is a compilation of many traditions and philosophies and is considered by many scholars to be the worlds oldest religion, dating back more than 4,000 years. Fundamental beliefs of jainism the soul is bounded by karma from the beginning of time the principles governing the successions of life cycles birth, life, and death is karma. Both share a belief in reincarnation which eventually leads to liberation. Jain holidays and festivals largely revolve around important events such as births and deaths in the lives of the thirthnkaras, or saints. The existing agam sutras are accepted as the authentic preaching of lord mahavir by the swetambar sects, but the digambar sect does not accept. Remember that this is the oldest religion on earth, therefore none of it is just wrong.

Broadly, jainism is divided into two major schools of thought, digambara and. Jaina canon, the sacred texts of jainism, a religion of india, whose. The jain religion was also known as shraman dharma, nirgranth dharma, etc. The major division within jainism, between the digambaras and svetambaras, is likely to have started early in the common era and is over 1500 years old.

It is not an offshoot of any other religion but is an independent religion recognized by these various names during different time periods. Mahavir is considered as the last tirthankar and also the founder of jainism. It may be noted that jainism denies both intermediation and forgiveness on the part of god. The four denominations of hinduism himalayan academy. It spread to the different parts of india within no time. Jain sects the jain religion is one of the oldest religions in the world. Jains celebrate their religious holidays by fasting, worshipping, recitation of sacred texts, holding religious discourses, alms giving, taking certain vows and other such acts of piety. In addition to the orthodox, there are several sikh sects, four of which are particularly important. It is related to our belief that our books derive ultimately from gd that in loving gd one loves gds words, the oral and written torah. Theory of karman in indian thought download books, sacred.